Code-Switching in EFL Classrooms: Typology and Communicative Roles

Hieronimus Canggung Darong(1,Mail), Stanislaus Guna(2)

(1) Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus, Indonesia

MailCorresponding Author

Copyright (c) 2025 Hieronimus Canggung Darong, Stanislaus Guna
Article Metrics→
  
Indexing Database→



Download Full Text: PDF

Abstract

Code-Switching in EFL Classrooms: Typology and Communicative Roles. The purpose of this study was to look into the types and functions of code-switching that are used in an EFL teacher classroom interactions. The teacher’s interactions in this qualitative study were observed, recorded and subsequently transcribed. A multi-step analytical procedure that included data reduction, data visualization, and drawing/verifying findings was carried out. The findings showed that the teacher used three different types of as well as six functions of code-switching during interactions in the classroom. The types include tag switching (12), intra-sentential switching (37), and inter-sentential switching (62). Besides, the researcher found that the code-switching used by the teacher has the referential function (2), the directive function (31), the expressive function (20), the phatic function (18), the metalinguistic function (26) times, and poetic function (3). In conclusion, the use of code-switching in class interactions can help students’ comprehension and engagement in English language learning while considering the students level.

 

Keywords: code-switching, function, type, interaction



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v13.i3.202310

References

Bahous, R. N., Nabhani, M. B., & Bacha, N. N. (2013). Code-switching in higher education in a multilingual environment: a Lebanese exploratory study. Language Awareness, 23(4), 353–368. doi:10.1080/09658416.2013.828735

Briones, R. R. Y. (2016). Textual analysis through systemic functional linguistics. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics (JELTL) Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 1(2), 109–144.

Cahyani, H., de Courcy, M., & Barnett, J. (2016). Teachers’ code-switching in bilingual classrooms: exploring pedagogical and sociocultural functions. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(4), 465–479. doi:10.1080/13670050.2016.1189509

Davies, E. E., & Bentahila, A. (2008). Translation and code switching in the lyrics of bilingual popular songs. The Translator, 14(2), 247–272. doi:10.1080/13556509.2008.107992

Er, E. K., & Özata, H. (2020). Code-switching in group work in EFL classes. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(3), 1443-1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.17263/jlls.803847

Fachriyah, E. (2017). The functions of code-switching in an English language classroom. Studies in English Language and Education, 4(2), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v4i2.6327

Fanani, A., & Ma’u, J. A. R. Z. (2018). Code-switching and code-mixing in English learning process. Ling Tera, 5(1), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.21831/lt.v5i1.14438

Fauziati, E., Widiastuti, H., & Darussalam, H. M. (2020). Code switching as interlanguage communication strategy by indonesian efl learners. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 9(2), 301-311. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v9i2.2950

Green, D. W., & Wei, L. (2014). A control process model of code-switching. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 29(4), 499–511. doi:10.1080/23273798.2014.882515

Jayanath, T. (2021). A comparative study on bilingualism and multilingualism. KnowEx Social Sciences, 1(02), 79-91. https://doi.org/10.17501/27059901.2020.1207

Kustati, M. (2014). An analysis of code-mixing and code-switching in EFL teaching of cross-cultural communication context. Al-Ta lim Journal, 21(3), 174-182. https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v21i3.101

Maheswara, M. R. S. (2022). Analysis of code-switching and code-mixing used in rintik sedu youtube channel’s video. Prasasti: Journal of Linguistics, 7(2), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v7i2.58890

Martin, J. R., & Zappavigna, M. (2019). Embodied meaning: a systemic functional perspective on paralanguage. Functional Lingusitics, 6(1), 1–33.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage Pub

Moetia, M. (2018). Code mixing and code-switching in the classroom interaction. English Education Journal, 9(2), 229-242. Available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/291614116.pdf

Mulyani, M. (2017). Identifying the concept of bilingualism and bilinguals through seven baker’ s dimensions of bilingualism. Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities, 5(1), 29-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ej.v5i1.1669

Nurhamidah, N., Fauziati, E., & Supriyadi, S. (2018). Code-switching in efl classroom: is it good or bad? Journal of English Education, 3(2), 78-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.31327/jee.v3i2.861

Purnama, I. G. A. V. (2020). Code-switching in teaching English subject for EFL students. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, 4(1), 97-105. https://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v4i1.1595

Puspawati, I. (2018). Teachers’ use of code-switching in EFL classroom and its functions. Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, 3(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.18196/ftl.3128

Pratama, P.A. (2022). Code switching and code mixing in english language learning during online learning in covid-19 outbreak. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha, 10(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v10i2.44772

Ramadan, R, Mu’in, F & Arini, D.N. (2019). Types, functions and factors of code switching as teaching technique. Lingua Education Journal, 1(1), 12-27, http://jtam.ulm.ac.id/index.php/gej/article/view/268

Rezvani, E., Street, H. J., & Rasekh, A. E. (2011). Code-switching in iranian elementary efl classrooms: an exploratory investigation. English language Teaching, 4(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v4n1p18

Sastra, P. A. S., & Adriyanti, K. Y. (2022). English teachers' perception and strategies towards the use of code-switching in teaching efl young learners. Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education, 4(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.30650/ajte.v4i1.2289

Scott-baumann, A. (2011). Text as action, action as text? ricoeur, λo?oσ and the affirmative search for meaning in the ‘universe of discourse.’ Discourse Studies, 13(5), 593–600.

Skoufaki, S. (2019). Rhetorical structure theory and coherence break identification. Text&Talk 2019;, 0(0), 1–26.

Suganda, L. A., Petrus, I., & Zuraida, Z. (2021). EFL teacher’s code switching in the social emotional learning context. Indonesian Research Journal in Education| IRJE|, 5(2), 317-344. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v5i2.12195

Temesgen, A & Hailu, E. (2022). Teachers’ code switching in EFL classrooms: Functions and motivations. Cogent Education, 9(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2124039

Tolochko, P., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2017). Analysis of linguistic complexity in professional and citizen media. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1786–1803.

Tomoyuki, K. (2021). How do applied linguistics researchers structure coherence relations in the process of establishing a niche for their research ? Text & Talk, 0(0), 1–19.

Upton, T. A., & Cohen, M. A. (2009). An approach to Corpus-based Discourse Analysis: The move Analysis as Example. Discourse Studies, 11(5), 585–604.

Üstünel, E. (2016). EFL classroom code-switching. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55844-2

Utami, N. M. V., Hakim, D., & Adiputra, I. N. P. (2019). Code switching analysis in the notes made by the sales assisstants in ripcurl. Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture, 6(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.24843/LJLC.2018.v06.i02.p04

Waris, A. M. (2012). Code-switching and mixing (Communication in Learning Language). Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh, 13(1), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.24252/jdt.v13i1.299

Wibowo, A. I., Yuniasih, I., & Nelfianti, F. (2017). Analysis of types code switching and code mixing by the sixth president of republic Indonesia’s speech at the national of Independence Day. Progressive Journal, 12(2), 77-86. Availablehttps://ejournal.nusamandiri.ac.id/index.php/progressive/article/view/538

Wodak, R. (2011). Complex texts: analysing, understanding, explaining and interpreting meanings. Discourse Studies, 13(5), 623–633.

Zainil, Y., & Arsyad, S. (2021). Teachers’ perception of their code-switching practices in english as a foreign language classes: the results of stimulated recall interview and conversation analysis. SAGE Open, 11(2), 215824402110138. doi:10.1177/21582440211013802

Yim, O., & Clément, R. (2021). Acculturation and attitudes toward code-switching: A bidimensional framework. International Journal of Bilingualism, 136700692110194. doi:10.1177/13670069211019466

Yosi, N. P. D., & Sadia, I. G. (2019). Analysis of code switching in dialogue of indonesian novel permainan maut by Lexie Xu. Humanis, 23(3), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.24843/JH.2019.v23.i03.p02

Zhan, H., & Huang, S. (2018). Critical genre analysis : investigating interdiscursive performance in professional practice. Critical Discourse Studies, 15(5), 1–4.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


View My Stats