An Innovative Student Management: Exploring the Impact of Meditation Retreats and Mindful Education on Mindfulness and Compassion Effectiveness
Country:
(1) Department of Buddhist Education, Jinarakkhita Buddhist College of Lampung, Indonesia
(2) Department of Islamic Educational Management, Islamic State University of Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia
(3) Department of Buddhist Business & Management, Jinarakkhita Buddhist College of Lampung, Indonesia
(4) Department of Buddhist Education, Jinarakkhita Buddhist College of Lampung, Indonesia
(5) International Thai Plum Village Practice Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
An Innovative Student Management: Exploring the Impact of Meditation Retreats and Mindful Education on Mindfulness and Compassion Effectiveness Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Innovative Student Management (ISM) through the integration of meditation retreats, mindful living education, and compassion-based pedagogy in enhancing students’ mindfulness effectiveness, that defined as the ability to maintain sustained attention, emotional regulation, and awareness of thoughts and actions, and compassion, defined as the capacity for empathy and prosocial concern toward others. The research explicitly investigates how these practices influence students’ emotional regulation, empathy, and behavioural outcomes within Buddhist-based educational contexts. Methods: Using a mixed-methods design, the study combines a qualitative case study, literature synthesis, and a quantitative survey involving 120 students aged 11–17 from Buddhist schools in Palembang. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, while qualitative data from interviews and observations were thematically analyzed to provide contextualization for the statistical results. Findings: Regression analysis showed that meditation retreats (β = 0.38, p < 0.01) and mindful living education (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) significantly predicted mindfulness effectiveness, which in turn mediated the increase in compassion (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings supported these results, showing enhanced emotional awareness and peer empathy, as well as reduced impulsivity. The integration of both datasets confirmed that ISM fosters emotional regulation and prosocial behaviour while mitigating bullying tendencies. Conclusion: This study concludes that integrating mindfulness and compassion-based management in education effectively fosters students’ socio-emotional development. However, its cultural specificity and limited sample suggest the need for longitudinal, cross-cultural research and teacher training adaptations to ensure broader applicability. The findings contribute empirically to educational management theory by linking Buddhist-inspired pedagogies to measurable emotional and behavioral outcomes.
Keywords: innovative student management, mindfulness in education, compassionate student, meditation retreat, mindful living education.
Ager, K., Albrecht, N. J., & Cohen, Prof. M. (2015). Mindfulness in schools research project: exploring students’ perspectives of mindfulness what are students’ perspectives of learning mindfulness practices at school? Psychology, 06(07), 896–914. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.67088
Ajudeonu, H. I., & Ossai, A. G. (2022). Conflict resolution strategies and effective management of public secondary schools in delta state, nigeria. Pinisi: Journal of Art, Humanity & Social Studies, 2(3), 146–153. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/PJAHSS/article/view/43992
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice: unabridged (K. Clark, Ed.; 25th Anniversary). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. https://faculty.washington.edu/caporaso/courses/203/readings/allport_Nature_of_prejudice.pdf
Ally, M., & Prieto-Blázquez, J. (2014). What is the future of mobile learning in education? https://doi.org/10.7238/rusc.v11i1.2033
Aloni, N. (2002). Enhancing humanity: the philosophical foundations of humanistic education.
Andersen, D. (2019). Mindfulness meditation: another context for the necessary and sufficient conditions. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167819852812
Angus, M., & Andrew, G. (2012). Exploring Compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/64162/1/64162.pdf
Atkinson, M. (2013). Educational leadership and management in an international school context (1st ed.). Grin Verlag.
Black, A. L., Busch, G., & Woodrow, C. (2014). Being and becoming a mindful educator: Contemplative practices for teaching, leadership, and wellbeing. In Health and Well-being in the …. researchgate.net. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alison-ali-Black/publication/260188990_Being_and_Becoming_a_Mindful_Educator_Contemplative_Practices_for_Teaching_Leadership_and_Wellbeing/links/53f9086b0cf24ddba7db6668/Being-and-Becoming-a-Mindful-Educator-Contemplat
Black, W. K. (2000). Effective management of student employment: organizing for student employment in academic libraries. In The Journal of Academic Librarianship (Vol. 26, Issue 6, p. 439). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1333(00)00165-8
Borelli, J. (1999). Buddhist-Catholic retreat/dialogue. In Buddhist-Christian Studies (Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 191–192). Project Muse. https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.1999.0004
Brooks, M. C., Brooks, J. S., Mutohar, A., & Taufiq, I. (2020). Principals as socio-religious curators: progressive and conservative approaches in Islamic schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(6), 677–695. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-01-2020-0004
Budd, C., Osterheld, K. K., Budd, C., & Osterheld, K. K. (2020). Practical techniques for course management: student learning, presentation and facilitation skills, academic integrity, and your questions. Morressier. https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.5ecd173d6abf9730c67a838b
Burmansah, B., Rugaiyah, R., & Mukhtar, M. (2019a). A case study of mindful leadership in the ability to develop focus, clarity, and creativity of the Buddhist higher education institute leader. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(6), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n6p57
Burmansah, B., Rugaiyah, R., & Mukhtar, M. (2019b). A case study of mindful leadership in the ability to develop focus, clarity, and creativity of the Buddhist higher education institute leader. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(6), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n6p57
Burmansah, B., Rugaiyah, R., Mukhtar, M., Nabilah, S., Ripki, A. J. H. A. J. H., & Fatayan, A. (2020). Mindful leadership: The ability of the leader to develop compassion and attention without judgment - A case study of the leader of Buddhist Higher Education Institute. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.1.51
Bush, T., & Middlewood, D. (2005). Leading and managing people in education (1st ed.). SAGE Publications Limited. http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/27081/1/70.pdf
Bush, T., & Middlewood, D. (2013). Leading and managing people in education (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
Chan, D. (2002). Development of the clinical learning environment inventory: using the theoretical framework of learning environment studies to assess nursing students’ perceptions of the hospital as a learning environment. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-20020201-06
Chandra, M., Nyanasuryanadi, P., Burmansah, B., Khiong, T. K., & Surya, J. (2023). A Mindful Living: Environmental education and mindfulness matter to students’ pro-environmental behaviour in the high school. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.29210/199500
Choate, D. C., & Doyle, B. B. (1980). Student volunteer patients for a clinical interviewing course. In Academic Medicine (Vol. 55, Issue 3, p. 217). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-198003000-00020
Clark, C. M., Nguyen, D. T., & Barbosa-Leiker, C. (2014). Student perceptions of stress, coping, relationships, and academic civility. In Nurse Educator (Vol. 39, Issue 4, pp. 170–174). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0000000000000049
Clift, R. T. (1995). Collaborative leadership and shared decision making.
Correia, H. M., Smith, A. D., Murray, S., Polak, L. S., Williams, B., & Cake, M. A. (2017). The impact of a brief embedded mindfulness-based program for veterinary students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0116-026R
Cresswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. In Muqarnas (3rd ed., Vol. 8), Sage Publication Inc.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
Critchley, L. M. (2020). The leader’s mind matters: the effect of mindful leadership development programs on leadership effectiveness, mindfulness, and well-being among global …. fisherpub.sjfc.edu. https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/473/
Dahl, C. J., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. (2020). Reconstructing and deconstructing the self: Cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(7), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.04.002
Dierksmeier, C. (2016). What is ‘humanistic’ about humanistic management? In Humanistic Management Journal (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 9–32). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0002-6
Donald, J. N., Atkins, P. W. B., Parker, P. D., Christie, A. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Daily stress and the benefits of mindfulness: Examining the daily and longitudinal relations between present-moment awareness and stress responses. Journal of Research in Personality, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.09.002
Doyle, L., Brady, A. M., & Byrne, G. (2009). An overview of mixed methods research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 14(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987108093962
Elaine, B., & Martin, H. (2016). A proposal to support student therapists to develop compassion for self and others through Compassionate Mind Training. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 50, 111--118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.06.005
Escrivão, G., & Da Silva, S. L. (2019). Knowledge management maturity models: Identification of gaps and improvement proposal. Gestao e Producao, 26(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530X3890-19
Forbes, R., Martin, R., Patterson, F., Hill, A., Hoyle, M., Penman, A., Leung, L., Smith, S., & Mandrusiak, A. (2021). Exploring allied health professional student and academic teacher experiences of teaching and learning clinical skills online in response to COVID-19. In Australian Journal of Clinical Education. Bond University. https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.24488
Framson, C., Alan R., K., Jeannette, S., Alyson J., L., Steve, Z., & Denise, B. (2010). Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. NIH-PA Author Manuscript, 109(8), 1439–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006.Development
Giovannoni, J. (2017). Perspectives : Compassion for others begins with loving-kindness toward self. Journal of Research in Nursing, 22(1–2), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987116685635
Guay, F. (2022). Applying self-determination theory to education: regulations types, psychological needs, and autonomy supporting behaviors. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 37(1), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/08295735211055355
Gunawan, A., & Bintari, D. R. (2021). Psychological well-being, stress, and emotion regulation in first year college student during COVID-19. In JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi (Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 51–64). Universitas Negeri Jakarta. https://doi.org/10.21009/jppp.101.07
Hawley, L. L., Schwartz, D., Bieling, P. J., Irving, J., Corcoran, K., Farb, N. A. S., Anderson, A. K., & Segal, Z. V. (2014). Mindfulness practice, rumination, and clinical outcome in mindfulness-based treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9586-4
Holder, S. (1982). Educational management. Nurse Education Today, 2(3), 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-6917(82)80053-1
Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2012). Educational administration: theory, research, and practice (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Hyland, T. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions and the affective domain of education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2014.889596
Ibrahim, A. A., & Abdalla, M. S. (2017). Educational management, educational administration, and educational leadership: definitions and general concepts. SAS Journal of Medicine (SASJM), 3(6), 2454–5112. https://doi.org/10.21276/sasjm.2017.3.12.2
Inukai, N. (2022). Enacting care as the foundation for equitable education: a self-study of buddhist compassion. In Proceedings of the 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA. https://doi.org/10.3102/1891248
Jason, L. A., & Glenwick, D. S. (2016). Handbook of methodological approaches to community-based research: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Oxford University Press.
Jazaieri, H. (2018). Compassionate education from preschool to graduate school: Bringing a culture of compassion into the classroom. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 11(1), 22–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-08-2017-0017
Jennings, L., & Skovholt, T. M. (2016). The cognitive, emotional, and relational characteristics of master therapists. In Master Therapists (pp. 31–52). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190496586.003.0003
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1986). Mindfulness meditation for everyday life. In Renewable-Resource Materials. Piatkus Books. http://www.chadpearce.com/Home/BOOKS/97291641-Mindfulness-Meditation-for-Everyday-Life-Kabat-Zinn-Jon.pdf
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Bantam Dell.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2014). Mindfulness meditation: what it is, what it is not, and its role in health care and medicine. In S. F. Santorelli (Ed.), Comparative and Psychological Study on Meditation (6th ed., Issue February). Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care & Society Department of Medicine Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School. https://www.umassmed.edu/contentassets/24cd221488584125835e2eddce7dbb89/mbsr_standards_of_practice_2014.pdf
Kimura, B. (2003). Present situation of indonesian buddhism: in memory of bhikkhu ashin jinarakkhita mahasthavira. Nagoya Studies in Indian Culture and Buddhism: Saṃbhāṣā, 23(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18999/sambh.23.53
Kraft, K. (2001). Buddhist peacework: creating cultures of peace (review). In Buddhist-Christian Studies (Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 155–157). Project Muse. https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2001.0016
Kroll, T., & Neri, M. (2009). Designs for mixed methods research. Mixed Methods Research for Nursing and the Health Sciences, 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444316490.ch3
Laidlaw, J., & Mair, J. (2019). Imperfect accomplishment: the fo guang shan short-term monastic retreat and ethical pedagogy in humanistic buddhism. In Cultural Anthropology (Vol. 34, Issue 3). American Anthropological Association. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca34.3.02
Leinbach, T. R. (1994). Indonesia: A Country Study. In W. J. Frederick & R. L. Worden (Eds.), Journal of asian studies (5th ed., Vol. 53, Issue 3, pp. 996–997). Library of Congress. https://doi.org/10.2307/2059805
Leithwood, K., Louis, K. S., Anderson, S., & Wahlstrom, K. (2004). How leadership influences student learning. The Wallace Foundation.
Lesmana, T., & Bidangan, L. (2021). The effect of academic self-efficacy and mindfulness on students academic stress during the covid-19 pandemic period. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.014
Ludvik, M. B., & Eberhart, T. L. (2018). How mindful compassion practices can cultivate social and emotional learning (6; MGIEP Working Paper). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373705?posInSet=3&queryId=N-EXPLORE-2829d881-52c1-4575-8423-c934fa16660e
Luk-Fong, P. Y. Y., & Lee-Man, Y. C. (2013). School guidance and counselling - trends and practices. Hong Kong University Press.
Mandal, E., & Lip, M. (2022). Mindfulness, relationship quality, and conflict resolution strategies used by partners in close relationships. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 10(2), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.111981
Merhar, G. L. (1995). Increasing medical student interaction: The radiology passport. In Academic Radiology (Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 345–350). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80196-5
Musulkin, S., & Komarraju, M. (2006). Student-Faculty interaction and its relationship with college students' academic self-concept and academic motivation. In PsycEXTRA Dataset. American Psychological Association (APA). https://doi.org/10.1037/e588362007-001
Naeem, I., Aparicio-Ting, F. E., & Dyjur, P. (2020). Student stress and academic satisfaction: a mixed methods exploratory study. In International Journal of Innovative Business Strategies (Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 388–395). Infonomics Society. https://doi.org/10.20533/ijibs.2046.3626.2020.0050
Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860390129863
Neff, K., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923
Nelson, G. (2018). Lecturer unlocks three keys to mindful leadership. The Business Journal Daily. https://businessjournaldaily.com/lecturer-shares-three-keys-mindful-leadership/
Perez, D., & Lumaad, R. (2021). Educational leadership and management styles of public elementary school heads and level of school-based management …. European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements (EJHEA) Available Online, 2(1), 35–50. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/340976-educational-leadership-and-management-st-d646b394.pdf
Petchsawang, P., & McLean, G. N. (2017). Workplace spirituality, mindfulness meditation, and work engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2017.1291360
Pirson, M. (2021). Humanistic management. In Humanistic Management in Latin America (pp. 21–37). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351174-2
Poonvichaen, J., & Sutheejariyawat, P. (2022). Practicing collaborative teachers to strengthen students’ visionary leadership skills. In Education Quarterly Reviews (Vol. 5, Issue 3). Asian Institute of Research. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.05.03.541
Raj, R. D. (2016). A quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation on the level of stress among early adolescents in selected schools at madurai. Pondicherry Journal of Nursing, 9(3), 7–9. https://doi.org/10.5005/pjn-9-3-7
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. A. (2017). Management (14th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Roeser, R. W. (2016). Mindfulness in students’ motivation and learning in school. In K. Wentzel & D. B. Miele (Eds.), Handbook of Motivation at School (Second Edi, pp. 385–407. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315773384
Rosser, A. (2018). Beyond access: Making Indonesia’s education system work. In Lowy Institute For International Policy. https://think-asia.org/handle/11540/8034
Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Oberle, E., Lawlor, M. S., Abbott, D., Thomson, K., Oberlander, T. F., & Diamond, A. (2015). Enhancing cognitive and social-emotional development through a simple-to-administer mindfulness-based school program for elementary school children: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038454
Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., Thoresen, C., & Plante, T. G. (2011). The moderation of Mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20761
Steckler, E. L., & Waddock, S. (2017). Self-Sustaining practices of successful social change agents: a retreats framework for supporting transformational change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-017-0031-9
Subinoy. (2016). Development of buddhist education to propagate peacefulness in thai society. Journal of International Buddhist Studies College …. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ibsc/article/view/211316
Sudarman, E., Sawitri, N. N., & Budiono, G. L. (2016). Development of education in indonesia: an effort to strengthening innovation systems and international competitiveness. Revista Stiintifica, 3(3), 14–20. http://info.trilogi.ac.id/repository/assets/uploads/MM/df328-5.-development-of-education-in-indonesia.pdf
Surendran, K. (2020). Student academic management system using blockchain technology. In Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems (Vol. 12, pp. 1410–1415). Institute of Advanced Scientific Research. https://doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp3/20201392
Syukur, A. (2022). Theological debate among Buddhist sects in Indonesia. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(4). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7054
Theresa, D.-I. Y. (2006). The way to peace: a Buddhist perspective. International Journal of Peace Studies, 11(1), 91–112.
Tiddy, H. (2022). Seeding Buddhism in New Zealand: Namgyal Rinpoche and the Lake Rotoiti Retreat, 1973. https://doi.org/10.26034/lu.jgb.2022.2172
Timur Tresnanti, D., Kurniadi, A., Ayu Puspito, D., & Widodo, P. (2024). Indonesian education policy and management in resolving social disaster. In International Journal Of Humanities Education And Social Sciences (IJHESS) E-ISSN (Vol. 4, Issue 1). https://ijhess.com/index.php/ijhess/
Tylor, E. B. (2016). Primitive culture volume I (Dover Thrift Editions). Dover Publications.
Umbreit, M. (1997). Humanistic mediation: A transformative journey of peacemaking. https://doi.org/10.1002/CRQ.3900140305
UNESCO. (2024). Peace education in the 21st century: an essential strategy for building lasting peace. http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en
Vago, D. R., Silbersweig, D. A., & Brewer, J. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(296), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296
Valentine, S., Godkin, L., & Varca, P. E. (2010). Role conflict, mindfulness, and organizational ethics in an education-based healthcare institution. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(3), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0276-9
Vorontsova-Wenger, O., Ghisletta, P., Ababkov, V., Bondolfi, G., & Barisnikov, K. (2021). Short mindfulness-based intervention for psychological and academic outcomes among university students. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2021.1931143
Walsh, M. M., & Arnold, K. A. (2018). Mindfulness as a buffer of leaders’ self-rated behavioral responses to emotional exhaustion: a dual process model of self-regulation. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(9), 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02498
Widaningsih, Y. S. (2017). Nationalism in the indonesian multicultural community. 1(1), 221–225.
Williford, A. P., Whittaker, J. V., Vitiello, V. E., & Downer, J. (2013). Children’s engagement within the preschool classroom and their development of self-regulation. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2011.628270
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: design and methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Zenner, C., Herrnleben-Kurz, S., & Walach, H. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions in schools-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(603). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00603
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats

