Recreational Reading Habits of the EFL Pre-Service Teachers in an Indonesian Islamic Higher Education
Country:
(1) Department of English Language and Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama Palu, Indonesia
(2) Department of English Language and Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama Palu, Indonesia
(3) Department of English for International Communication, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Thailand
(4) Department of English Language and Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama Palu, Indonesia
(5) Department of English Language and Education, Universitas Tadulako, Indonesia
(6) Department of English Language and Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama Palu, Indonesia
(7) Department of English Language and Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama Palu, Indonesia
Recreational Reading Habits of the EFL Pre-Service Teachers in an Indonesian Islamic Higher Education. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the recreational reading habits of EFL pre-service teachers at Islamic universities, with a focus on the relationship between the duration of recreational reading and academic achievement. Furthermore, this study also examines differences in reading time based on gender, age, level of study, and students' reading preferences. Methods: This research employed a mixed-methods approach through a cross-sectional survey design and case study, involving 56 students from three classes of the English Language Education Study Program at UIN Datokarama Palu. Data were collected through an online survey, semi-structured online interviews, and document analysis. These data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as thematic analysis, to explore quantitative patterns and qualitative meanings in depth. Findings: The results of the study showed that involvement in recreational reading activities had a very moderate relationship with the academic achievement of the EFL preservice teachers, indicating that although recreation reading may increase their language awareness and learning motivation, its direct impact on academic achievement was still relatively limited. It was found that 50% of the respondents read for less than one hour per week, reflecting low levels of recreational reading engagement. Differences were also evident based on demographics, with female students and younger age groups tending to read more frequently and preferring digital texts and short reading materials such as online stories and motivational content. Despite limited reading time, students who regularly engage in recreational reading demonstrate better academic achievement, wider vocabulary mastery, and positive attitudes towards learning English. Conclusion: This study confirms the importance of recreational reading culture in supporting academic success, independent learning, and long-term intellectual development. Islamic universities are expected to foster a culture of reading for pleasure by integrating it into the curriculum, strengthening library facilities, and utilizing digital platforms.
Keywords: pre-service EFL teachers, recreational reading habits, reading for pleasure.
Alenezi, M., Wardat, S., & Akour, M. (2023). The need of integrating digital education in higher education: Challenges and opportunities. Sustainability, 15(6), 4782.
Allam, A. S. (2016). Recreational reading habit of college freshmen in relation to their academic performance. International Journal of Professional Studie, 1(1), 26-30
Altamura, L., Vargas, C., & Salmerón, L. (2025). Do new forms of reading pay off? a meta-analysis on the relationship between leisure digital reading habits and text comprehension. Review of Educational Research, 95(1), 53–88.
Apriliyanti, M., & Ilham, M. (2022). Challenges of the Industrial Revolution Era 1.0 to 5.0: University digital library in Indonesia. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-17.
Aristovnik, A., Keržič, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževič, N., & Umek, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability, 12(20), 8438.
Bourdieu, P. (2018). Distinction a social critique of the judgement of taste. In Inequality (pp. 287–318). Routledge.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Brookbank, E. (2023). “It makes you feel like more of a person:” The leisure reading habits of university students in the US and UK and how academic libraries can support them. College & Undergraduate Libraries, 30(3), 53–94.
Burnett, C., & Merchant, G. (2018). Affective encounters: Enchantment and the possibility of reading for pleasure. Literacy, 52(2), 62–69.
Chen, S. Y., Chang, H. Y., & Yang, S. R. (2017). Content-Based Recreational Book Reading and Taiwanese Adolescents' Academic Achievement. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1), 207–217.
Chua, S. P. (2008). The effects of the sustained silent reading program on cultivating students' habits and attitudes in reading books for leisure. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 81(4), 180–184.
Chua, S.P., & Kwok, W. L. (2010). The value of reading and the effectiveness of sustained silent reading. The clearing house, 83(5), 168–174.
Clawson, L. E. (2018). Examining the Impact of the Lucy Calkins Teacher-Student Conference Tool in Collaboration with Accelerated Reader on Reading Comprehension of 5th-Grade Students at a Suburban Elementary School: An Action Research Study (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina).
Cremin, T. (2014). Reading for pleasure and reader engagement: Reviewing the research. In Building communities of engaged readers (pp. 5–19). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Inoue, M. (2025). A process for conducting mixed methods data analysis. Journal of General and Family Medicine, 26(1), 4–11.
Dalila, B. (2018). The correlation between recreational reading habits and reading achievement (Doctoral Dissertation, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh).
De Naeghel, J., Van Keer, H., Vansteenkiste, M., & Rosseel, Y. (2012). The relation between elementary students' recreational and academic reading motivation, reading frequency, engagement, and comprehension: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of educational psychology, 104(4), 1006.
Durán Bautista, D. C., & Rendón Marulanda, M. A. (2018). Free voluntary reading: Promoting vocabulary learning and self-directedness. English Language Teaching, 11(8), 51–64.
Edgerton, J. D., & Roberts, L. W. (2014). Cultural capital or habitus? Bourdieu and beyond in the explanation of enduring educational inequality. Theory and Research in Education, 12(2), pp. 193–220. DOI: 10.1177/1477878514530231.
Gregory, V. L., & Cox, K. (2016). Must Printed Books Become a Thing of the Past in Academic Libraries? (2016). Information, Medium and Society, 14(4), 11.
Gviniashvili, Z. (2025). Recreational reading as a leisure activity: Perspectives from Georgian and Finnish hearing and deaf students. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 25(3), 447–459.
Holland-Smith, D. (2022). Habitus and practice: social reproduction and trajectory in outdoor education and higher education. Sport, Education and Society, 27(9), 1071–1085.
Huang, S., Orellana, P., & Capps, M. (2016). US and Chilean college students' reading practices: a cross‐cultural perspective. Reading research quarterly, 51(4), 455–471.
Iftanti, E. (2012). A Survey of the English Reading Habits of EFL Students in Indonesia. Teflin Journal, 23(2), 149.
Jeong, Y. J., & Gweon, G. (2021). Advantages of print reading over screen reading: A comparison of visual patterns, reading performance, and reading attitudes across paper, computers, and tablets. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 37(17), 1674–1684.
Kukulska‐Hulme, A., & Viberg, O. (2018). Mobile collaborative language learning: State of the art. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(2), 207–218.
Kurata, K., Ishita, E., Miyata, Y., & Minami, Y. (2017). Print or digital? Reading behavior and preferences in Japan. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(4), 884–894.
Latif, M. Z., Hussain, I., Saeed, R., Qureshi, M. A., & Maqsood, U. (2019). Use of smartphones and social media in medical education: trends, advantages, challenges, and barriers. Acta Informatica Medica, 27(2), 133.
Le, T. T. H., Tran, T., Trinh, T. P. T., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, T. P. T., Vuong, T. T., ... & Vuong, Q. H. (2019). Reading habits, socioeconomic conditions, occupational aspiration, and academic achievement in Vietnamese junior high school students. Sustainability, 11(18), 5113.
Lee, S. (2024). Using Popular Culture to Connect Teens and Public Libraries. Young Adult Library Services: Challenges and Opportunities, 3.
Li, R., Wang, S., Chen, Z., Guo, J., & Wang, Y. (2025). Can leisure reading enhance college students' social emotional competencies: A large-scale empirical study. International Journal of Educational Research, 130, 102535.
Lin, D. T. A., Choo, L. B., & Pandian, A. (2012). Learners’ perceptions of sustained silent reading practices in tertiary classrooms. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55, 266–274.
Loh, C. E., & Sun, B. (2019). “I would still prefer to read the hard copy”: Adolescents’ print and digital reading habits. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62(6), 663–672.
Loh, C. E., & Sun, B. (2022). The impact of technology use on adolescents' leisure reading preferences. Literacy, 56(4), 327–339.
Masykuroh, Q., Djatmika, D., Wiratno, T., & Wibowo, A. H. (2023). Features of Islamic Children’s Books by Young Authors: A Case Study of Books Published in Indonesia. In International Seminar SEMANTIKS & PRASASTI 2023 Theme: Language in the Workplace (PRASASTI 2023) (pp. 262-268). Atlantis Press.
Merga, M. K. (2015). Access to books in the home and adolescent engagement in recreational book reading: Considerations for secondary school teachers. English in Education, 49(3), 197–214.
Merga, M. K., & Moon, B. (2016). The impact of social influences on high school students' recreational reading. The High School Journal, 99(2), 122–140.
Milal, A., Rohmah, Z., Kusumajanti, W., Basthomi, Y., Sholihah, D. N., & Susilowati, M. (2020). Integrating character education in the English teaching at Islamic junior high schools in Indonesia. Teflin Journal, 31(1), 88–107.
Milal, A., Jannah, R., Sa'adah, S. I., & Fitria, A. A. (2021). Reading Preferences across Genders of Undergraduate EFL Students in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 6(1), 141–153.
Mizrachi, D., Salaz, A. M., Kurbanoglu, S., Boustany, J., & ARFIS Research Group. (2018). Academic reading format preferences and behaviors among university students worldwide: A comparative survey analysis. PloS one, 13(5), e0197444.
Mol, S. E., & Jolles, J. (2014). Reading enjoyment amongst non-leisure readers can affect achievement in secondary school. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 1214.
Mueller, K. L., Hanson, M., Martinez, M., & Meyer, L. (2017). Patron preferences: Recreational reading in an academic library. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 43(1), 72-81
N Khreisat, M., & Mugableh, A. I. (2020). Multidimensionality of EFL recreational reading attitudes: An EFA and CFA approach. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 57-69.
Niland, A. (2023). Picture books, imagination, and play: Pathways to positive reading identities for young children. Education Sciences, 13(5), 511.
Reilly, D., Neumann, D. L., & Andrews, G. (2019). Gender differences in reading and writing achievement: Evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). American Psychologist, 74(4), 445.
Rothbauer, P. M., & Cedeira Serantes, L. (2022). Reading time: Exploring the temporal experiences of reading. Journal of Documentation, 78(1), 113–128.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research, 2, 3–33.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory. Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness.
Sahlström, F., Tanner, M., & Olin-Scheller, C. (2019). Smartphones in classrooms: Reading, writing, and talking in rapidly changing educational spaces. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 22, 1–5.
Scholes, L. (2019). Working-class boys’ relationships with reading: Contextual systems that support working-class boys’ engagement with, and enjoyment of, reading. Gender and Education, 31(3), 344–361.
Shimray, S. R., Keerti, C., & Ramaiah, C. K. (2015). An overview of mobile reading habits. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 35(5), 343–354.
Thums, K., Artelt, C., & Wolter, I. (2021). Reading for entertainment or information reception? Gender differences in reading preferences and their impact on text-type-specific reading competencies in adult readers. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36(2), 339–357.
Torppa, M., Niemi, P., Vasalampi, K., Lerkkanen, M. K., Tolvanen, A., & Poikkeus, A. M. (2020). Leisure reading (but not any kind) and reading comprehension support each other—A longitudinal study across grades 1 and 9. Child development, 91(3), 876-900.
Troyer, M., Kim, J. S., Hale, E., Wantchekon, K. A., & Armstrong, C. (2019). Relations among intrinsic and extrinsic reading motivation, reading amount, and comprehension: a conceptual replication. Reading and Writing, 32(5), 1197–1218.
Vasalampi, K., Tolvanen, A., Torppa, M., Poikkeus, A. M., Hankimaa, H., & Aunola, K. (2023). PISA reading achievement, literacy motivation, and school burnout predicting Adolescents' educational track and educational attainment. Learning and Individual Differences, 108, 102377.
Wang, X. W., Zhu, Y. J., & Zhang, Y. C. (2022). An empirical study of college students’ reading engagement on academic achievement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1025754.
Wibowo, W. (2015). Kebiasaan Membaca Buku Masyarakat Indonesia Rendah [The Low Reading Book Habit of Indonesian Society].http://rri.co.id/post/berita/213647/nasional/kebiasaan_membaca_buku_masyarakat_indonesia_rendah.html
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats

