Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Does it run well?


(1) Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
(2) Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
(3) Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia


Metrics→ |
Indexing Site→ | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Copyright (c) 2025 Winarni Jhon, Ali Mustadi, Enny Zubaidah
Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic: Does it run well? Objectives: This article was aimed to identify the challenges that occur in the implementation of online learning during Covid-19 pandemic in several developing countries from teachers and students perspectives. Methods: We applied a systematic review of literature using search protocol based on the PRISMA recommendation statement. The initial step of the study was the formulation of the research problem, then search of relevant research results from national and international journals with the keyword “Covid online learning” on ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals and Google Scholar search engine. Then, an analysis of relevant research results was carried out in relation to challenges in the implementation online learning during Covid-19 pandemic in all level of educations. Findings: As a result, teachers mostly face challenges on the planning, implementation and evaluation of online learning. Technological challenges are the main challenges that students face in online learning during Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: There should be further investigations to identity challenges that teachers and students face in online learning.
Keywords: online learning, challenges, covid-19, teachers, students
Adnan., & Anwar. (2020). Online learning amid the Covid-19 pandemic: Students’ perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45-51.
Agarwal, S., & Kaushik, J. S. (2020). Student’s Perception of Online Learning during COVID Pandemic. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(7), 554.
Atmojo, A. E. P., & Nugroho, A. (2020). EFL classes must go online! Teaching activities and challenges during covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Register Journal, 13(1), 49-76.
Bao, W. (2020). Covid-19 and Online Teaching in Higher Education: A Case Study of Peking University. Hum Behav & Emerg Tech. 2(2). 113-115.
Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to Online Education in Schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), 1-9.
Besser, A., Lotem, S., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2020). Psychological Stress and Vocal Symptoms among University Professors in Israel: Implications of the Shift to Online Synchronous Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Journal of Voice.
Biggerstaff, M., Cauchemez, S., Reed, C., &Gambhir, M., &Finelli, L. (2014). Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis, 14(480), 1-10.
Burston, J. (2014). MALL: The Pedagogical Challenges. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(4), 344–357.
Cakrawati, L. M. (2017). Students’ Perceptions on the Use of Online Learning Platforms in EFL Classroom.English Language Teaching and Technology Journal, 1(1), 22–30.
Choi, B., Jegatheeswaran, L., Minocha, A., Alhilani, M., Nakhoul, M., & Mutengesa, E. (2020). The impact of the COVID19 pandemic on final year medical students in the United Kingdom: a national survey. BMC Medical Education, 20(206), 1-11.
Cicco, G. (2013). Faculty development on online instructional methods: A protocol for counselor educators. Journal of Educational Technology, 10(2), 1-6.
Clausen, J. M., Bunte, B. L., & Robertson, E. T. (2020). Professional Development to Improve Communication and Reduce the Homework Gap in Grades 7-12 During COVID-19 Transition to Remote Learning. Jl. of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2). 443-451
Demuyakor, J. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID19) and Online Learning in Higher Institutions of Education: A Survey of the Perceptions of Ghanaian International Students in China. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 10(3), 1-9.
Dickinson, K. J., & Gronseth, S.L. (2020). Application of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Principles to Surgical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Surgical Education.
Eachempati, P & Ramnarayan, K. (2020).Ten maxims for out of class learning to outclass the academic challenges of COVID-19.MedEdPublish.9(1), 1-10.
Fauzi, I., Sastra Khusuma, I. (2020). Teachers’ Elementary School in Online Learning of COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 58-70.
Firman., & Rahman, S. R. (2020). Pembelajaran Online di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Indonesian Journal of Educational Science (IJES), 2(2), 81-89.
Flett, G.L., & Zangeneh, M. (2020).Mattering as a vital support for people during the COVID-19 pandemic: The benefits of feeling and knowing that someone cares during times of crisis.Journal of Concurrent Disorders, 2(1).
Frass, L. R., Rucker, R. D., & Washington, G. (2017) ‘An overview of how four institutions prepare faculty to teach online’. Journal of Online Higher Education, 1(1), 1-7.
Geostat. (2019). ‘Share of households with computer access, National statistics office of Georgia’. Retrieved on 1 April 2020 from https://www.geostat.ge/en/ modules/categories/106/information-andcommunication-technologies-usage-inhouseholds.
Gomez, E., Azadi, J., & Magid, D. (2020). Innovation Born in Isolation: Rapid Transformation of an In-Person Medical Student Radiology Elective to a Remote Learning Experience During the COVID19 Pandemic. Academic Radiology.
Handayani, L. (2020). Keuntungan, Kendala dan Solusi Pembelajaran Online Selama Pandemi Covid-19 : Studi Ekploratif di SMPN 3 Bae Kudus. Journal Industrial Engineering & Management Research ( JIEMAR), 1(2), 15-23.
Kapasia, N., Paul, P., Roy, A., Saha, J., Zaveri, A., Mallick, R., Bikash, B., Das, P., & Chouhan, P. (2020).Impact of lockdown on learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India.Children and Youth Services Review.
Lathifah, Z. K., Helmanto, F., & Maryani, N. (2020). The Practice of Effective Classroom Management in COVID-19 Time. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology , 29(7), 3263- 3271.
Li, C. H., Rajamohan, A. G., Acharya, P. T., Liu, C.-S. J., Patel, V., Go, J. L., Kim, P. E., & Acharya, J. (2020). Virtual Read-Out: Radiology Education for the 21st Century During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic Radiology, 27(6), 872-881.
Liu, Y., Gayle, A. A., Wilder-Smith, A., &Rocklöv, J. (2020). The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(2), 1-4.
Livana, Mubin, M. F., & Basthomi, Y. (2020). Tugas Pembelajaran” Penyebab Stres Mahasiswa Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 3(2), 203-208.
McQuiggan, C. A. (2012). Faculty development for online teaching as a catalyst for change.Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 16(2), 27-61.
Moawad, R.A. (2020). Online Learning during the COVID- 19 Pandemic and Academic Stress in University Students. Revista Romaneas capentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 12(1), 100-107.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009).Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement.Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269.
Mukhtar, K., Javed, K., Aroof, M., &Sethi, A. (2020). Advantages, Limitations and Recommendations for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic era. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36.
Mulenga, E. M., & Marban, J. M. (2020). Prospective Teachers’ Online Learning Mathematics Activities in the Age of COVID-19: A Cluster Analysis Approach. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(9). 1-9.
Mulyanti, B., Purnama, W., &Pawinanto, R.E. (2020).Distance Learning in Vocational High Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic in West Java Province, Indonesia.Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology, 5(2), 271-282.
Nadolu, B. (2020). Perspectives of Romanian Students about Life in Social Isolation. Journal of Research in Higher Education, 4(1). 33-43.
Olga, T., Oleksii., & Maryna, H. (2020). Information and communication technologies in postgraduate training of primary care doctors: a new look at the problem of using online resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 8, 60-63.
Parisi, M. C. R., Frutuoso, L., Benevides, S. S. N., Barreira, N. H. M., Silva, J. L. G., Pereira, M. C., & CeciloFernandes, D. (2020).Letter to the 576 Editor / Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome. Clinical Research &Reviews, 14, 575-576.
Perotta, K., & Bohan, C.H. (2020). A reflective study of online faculty teaching experiences in Higher Education. Journal of Effective Teaching in Higher Education, 3(1), 51-66.
Purwanto, A., Pramono, R., Asbari, M., Hyun, C., Wijayanti, L. M., Putri, R, S., & Santoso, P. B., (2020). Studi Eksploratif Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Proses Pembelajaran Online di Sekolah Dasar. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 1-12.
Rajhans, V., Memon, U., Patil, V., & Goyal A. (2020).Impact of COVID-19 on academic activities and way forward in Indian Optometry.Journal of Optometry.
Rapanta, C., Botturi, L.,, Goodyear, P., Guardia L., & Koole, M. (2020). Online University Teaching During and After the Covid-19 Crisis: Refocusing Teacher Presence and Learning Activity. Postdigital Science and Education.
Riley, E., Haggard-Duff, L., & Long, C. R. (2020).Using an online learning module to teach nursing students about food insecurity as a social determinant of health.Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 1-4.
Rovai, A. P., & Downey, J. R. (2010). Why some distance education programs fail while others succeed in a global environment. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(3), 141-147.
Savitsky, B., Findling, Y., Ereli, A., & Hendel, T. (2020).Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic.Nurse Education in Practice.
Shahdad, M. &Shirazin, J. (2012).Preparing faculty to teach their first online class.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55, 1215-1218.
Son, J.-B.(2018). Technology in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teaching. In J. I. Liontas (Ed.), The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching (1st ed.). 1-7.
Sun, L., Tang, Y., & Zuo, W. (2020). Coronavirus pushes education online. Nature materials, 19, 687.
Suni Astini, N. K. S. (2020). Tantangan dan Peluang Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Dalam Pembelajaran Online Masa Covid-19. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 241-255.
Tartavulea, C. V., Albu, C. N., Albu, N., Dieaconescu, R. I., & Petre, S. (2020). Online Teaching Practices and the Effectiveness of the Educational Process in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Amfiteatru Economic recommends, 22(5). 920-936.
Trung, T., Hoang, A.-D., Nguyen, T. T., Dinh, V.-H., Nguyen, Y.-C., & Pham, H.-H. (2020). Dataset of Vietnamese student’s learning habits during COVID-19. Data in Brief, 30, 1-7.
Varalakshmi.,&Arunachalam. (2020). Covid 2019-role of faculty members to keep mental activeness of students.Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51.
Wang, C., & Zhao, H. (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
Wilson, G., & Stacey, E. (2004). Online interaction impacts on learning: Teaching the teachers to teach online. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 20(1), 33-48.
Zayapragassarazan, Z. (2020). COVID-19: Strategies for Engaging Remote Learners in Medical Education. F1000Research, 9(273), 1-18.
Zhao, N., Zhou, X., Liu, B., & Liu, W. (2020).Guiding Teaching Strategies with the Education Platform during the COVID19 Epidemic: Taking Guiyang No.1 Middle School Teaching Practice as an Example. SIEF, 5(2), 531-539.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats